Hey this is my first tech guide, and hopefully it will keep the TW Discussion from being flooded with threads regarding launcher issues. Here we go.
Edit
Look, if you are getting initializing errors and C++ errors, just get Microsoft C++ updates, or just C++ in general. It's most likely your graphics card or graphics card driver.
Prevention:
After a complete installation (before you add the English patch files) back up your DBO_CT_TW folder. It doesn't matter where, just back it up. That way, when your other one corrupts, just replace it, run it (so it updates) and then add the English patch to the back up. This should solve problems to come in the future.
If that isn't the case and you need a fix, here is how to do it. This doesn't require any software and isn't questionable. It fixed every case it has come against. Just be patient.
Getting rid of everything DBO:
Program Files > DBO_CT_TW - Delete folder
Add/Remove Programs or Programs and Features (depending on Windows ver) Uninstall DBO_CT_TW
Optional: Clean your registry
Getting it back:
Now go here:
http://dbo.wasabii.com.tw/DB_Download/client.shtml
Click the red box in the picture posted below:
If you have a torrent client, you CAN use the torrent. I just used Downloader for the guide's sake
Assuming you ran the Downloader, open it and you'll see this:
This takes a little bit of time to download. I translated the picture in paint
That should make an application that looks like this
Run it. Always choose the option on the RIGHT. (It even signifies going forward in the installation)

You may not see this exactly, because I opened it and it was giving me different options because the
game was already installed for me
Once that is done, you should have your DBOLauncher. Run it, then it will do it's thing. When it's finished,
BACK UP THE DBO_CT_TW FOLDER IF YOU HAVEN'T ALREADY.
After that, add your English patch.
This fixes all common errors found on the forum. If you have any other problems, contact me and I will help you out. I did not give any troubleshooting methods because this is a full uninstall/reinstall and has worked in all cases I have been in, or have helped multiple people in.